The goal of that it job is to review the end result off breed and you can decades for the egg development and the egg additional and you may internal quality during the five Italian twin-goal breeds , at first and some weeks later than simply very first weeks laying interest you to took place, respectively, after june/beginning of trip plus in cold weather, significantly less than varying environment standards.
2.step one. Pets and you can Rearing Standards
Four Italian chicken types, Pepoi (PP), Ermellinata di Rovigo (ER), Robusta Maculata (RM) and you may Robusta Lionata (RL), have been noticed toward analysis. Your body pounds of adult female is actually step 1.twenty five kg inside PP, 2.29 kilogram within the Emergency room and you will 3.05 kg from inside the RM and RL. Their supply is the Veneto area (Italy): PP try a vintage local reproduce; the origin is dated back once again to the fresh new XIX century, but zero particular data for the their genetic resource exists. The other types manufactured within the Veneto during the 1950s: the newest Emergency room reproduce is inspired by Sussex (shaded eggshell reproduce) and Rhode Area (brown eggshell breed) breeds, whereas into RM and you may RL breeds, Brownish Orpington and you can White The united states, several brown eggshell breeds were utilized . In addition to the mature fat, these types of breeds disagree inside their plumage the colour: it is fantastic within the PP, Emergency room reveals erminate plumage, RM plumage try predominantly white having black colored extremities in lot of nations of your looks, black feathers regarding primaries and you may tail and RL reveals a great tawny plumage that have black feathers out-of primaries and tail. All of the types (Profile S1) tell you solitary brush and you can lay shaded eggshell eggs (Profile S2).
dos. Materials and methods
Birds regarding for every single breed hatched at the same time (second half out-of e ranch of the Hub to own Poultry Biodiversity Conservation in the Veneto part (it routinely offers the fresh new rearing of them types as well are you aware that egg creation having incubation and brooding), from inside the North Italy (45°02?53? N), away from hatching into the pubertal years and you can throughout the installing several months, hence been regarding the end out of june on start of fall (Contour step one), according to breed. Feeding, rearing requirements (photoperiod, temperature) and prophylaxis measures have been the same on four types, since that time off hatching towards the end of your own read several months, that has been for the , on 53 days of age. The latest newly hatched chicks had been left indoors during the first 4 months out of lifetime, on a green temperatures coming down of thirty two to help you 24 °C, lower than infra-red-colored light lighting fixtures, for the litter. Within step one.5 days of age, this new wild birds got free the means to access outdoor places, of spring so you’re able to trip and you will winter. For every single breed (60 hens) got totally free access to outside (5 meters dos /bird) room (armed with linear drinkers), where the hens resided throughout the day, and indoor (cuatro hens/meters 2 ) area (timber shavings and you will straw litter, having perches and you may game feeders), mainly utilized having putting egg (cumulative nests) and also at night; the room (indoor and you may outdoor) accessible to for every breed is actually separated by the netting.
At the outset of installing (at about twenty two weeks of age to your breed having earlier onset of laying), when you look at the September–October, according to the reproduce, brand new photoperiod is actually sheer and you will coming down, with regards to the 12 months in addition to geographic condition of the trial station in the Northern Italy (on average, 12L:12D), and for the next several months (from 38 months of age, off December to help you 53 days of age), fake white is slowly increased (from inside the interior area, incandescent light bulb, regarding the sixty lux) to get a good photoperiod out of 14L:10D. The fresh new photoperiod are controlled of the a timer, and it try attained by switching on brand new white one hour just before sunrise and you may shutting off it an hour or so after sunset. The brand new exterior environmental temperature try 10 ± step three.4 °C and you will 11 ± step 3.0 °C, correspondingly, to your first (from the beginning off October with the end regarding November) while the 2nd (from the beginning away from January to the prevent of March) putting episodes, if the research to the produce show and egg high quality was amassed. New pet were given advertisement libitum industrial nourishes centered on its mental stage (around three varied commercial feeds into the broadening several months). Into first installing phase (26–33 months old, lower than coming down pure photoperiod), if types already been https://lovingwomen.org/sv/blog/aldre-kvinnor-som-soker-yngre-man/ laying, the wild birds were given a professional pelleted supply (PG = 16%, Myself = eleven.8 MJ/kg, Ca = step one.1%, P = 0.6%) and you will maize (PG = 9.1%, Me personally = thirteen.7 MJ/kg), during the a proportion of just one:1. It’s value remembering one to, at this decades, only the dual-purpose and shaded eggshell types displayed an adjustable onset of laying and eggs production rates, while this new hens of the almost every other kinds of the fresh Preservation Centre to have Biodiversity and you may hatched at the same time of your learnt types, such as the light eggshell types, didn’t start laying (Padovana reproduce) otherwise it displayed a highly light laying pastime (Polverara breed), never ever attaining the threshold away from 10% hen–date eggs development. The cause of the option of the fresh new Conservation Centre, to not ever have fun with a feed to possess laying hens through the this era, is on account of maybe not pressuring the fresh new pullets to help you eggs production through the a month that have coming down heat and photoperiod. The newest wild birds expanded outdoors, under favorable conditions for skeletal wellness, travelling ground and you may not as much as solar radiation. In the back yard for each and every reproduce, the existence of grass open to brand new birds is high during the the new expanding several months than from the start of laying, and this occurred adopting the summer months, if rain was scarce and don’t allow for a beneficial turf regrowth. Regarding 38 so you’re able to 53 months of age, and below expanding photoperiod, the fresh new hens was in fact provided a professional pelleted feed having laying (PG = 16%, Me personally = 11.5 MJ/kg, California = cuatro.2%, P = 0.6%). Most of the feeds consisted primarily of maize and you will soybean.